ABDOMINAL VESSELS AND URINARY TRACTS
In the upper abdominal cavity, behind the intestines and covered by the peritoneum, are the kidneys, adrenal glands, and the urinary tract (ureters), which are responsible for the passage of urine between the kidneys and bladder. Some gynecological tumors can involve the bladder, ureters, and lymph nodes located along the main vessels originating from the heart. In certain cases, the lymph nodes surrounding the main vessels in the upper abdominal cavity are drained, and if the tumor is detected in these areas on final pathology, postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be necessary.
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left kidney
left ureter
Figure 1: Upper abdominal cavity vascular structures and urinary tract
In cases of recurrent disease and in the presence of some other tumors where adhesions may be prevalent, urinary tract dynamics can be maintained and ureteric damage can be prevented by inserting double-J catheters to ensure urine flow between the kidneys and bladder before or during surgery when necessary.