SURGICAL TREATMENT

 

In some cases, in order to completely remove the tumor during tumor surgery, surgical interventions may be required, including surgical interventions on the bowel, bladder, or urethra, in addition to the uterus and ovaries. In such cases, temporary or permanent catheters may be placed in the bladder to facilitate urine flow, a double-J catheter may be placed in the urinary tract to facilitate urine flow between the kidneys and bladder, or the urethra may be directly connected to the skin (nephrostomy). Similarly, surgical interventions involving the intestinal tract (resection-anastomosis) may require a periodic interruption of food intake and intravenous feeding, or temporary or permanent connections of the intestinal tissue to the skin (colostomy and ileostomy).