Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases in Gynecologic Oncology

Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) are rare tumors originating from placental tissue. These conditions most commonly occur after pregnancy and include various types such as molar pregnancy, partial or complete hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma. Trophoblastic cells normally support pregnancy, but in some cases, they grow uncontrollably, forming tumors.

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Risk factors include pregnancy at an advanced or very young age, a history of previous molar pregnancy, and certain genetic predispositions. If detected early, these diseases respond very well to treatment, but advanced cases can lead to serious health complications. Diagnosis is made through measurement of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) levels in the blood, ultrasound, and if necessary, MRI or CT imaging. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery and/or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up is crucial to reduce the risk of recurrence.